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1.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 23(2): e002042, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103530

ABSTRACT

Este artículo resume las diferentes formas de presentación clínica de la enfermedad COVID-19 causada por el virus SARS-Co-2 documentadas fundamentalmente en las tres principales revisiones sistemáticas disponibles. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas de frecuente aparición se destacan la fiebre (83 %), la tos (60 %) y la fatiga (38 %), seguidas por las mialgias (29 %), el aumento de la producción del esputo (27 %) y la disnea (25 %). Entre los hallazgos de laboratorio,predominan el aumento de los valores de proteína C reactiva (69 %), la linfopenia (57 %) y el aumento de los niveles de lactato-deshidrogenasa (52 %). Respecto de las manifestaciones radiológicas, tienen especial importancia las opacificaciones en vidrio esmerilado (80 %), la neumonía bilateral (73 %) y la afectación de tres lóbulos pulmonares o más (57 %).Si bien la evidencia sintetizada tiene limitaciones, permite una aproximación actualizada a los conocimientos disponibles sobre la clínica de esta nueva enfermedad en la población adulta. (AU)


This article summarizes the different forms of clinical presentation of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-Co-2 virus, synthesizing the information collected mainly by three published systematic reviews. Frequent clinical manifestations include fever(83 %), cough (60 %), and fatigue (38 %), followed by myalgia (29 %), increased sputum production (27 %) and dyspnea(25 %). Among the laboratory findings, the most common are the increase in C-reactive protein values (69 %), lymphopenia (57 %) and the increase in lactate dehydrogenase levels (52 %).. Most remarkable radiological features include ground glass opacifications (80 %), bilateral pneumonia (73 %) and the involvement of three or more lung lobes (57 %). Although the synthesized evidence has limitations, it allows an updated approach to the available knowledge about the clinical symptoms of this new disease in the adult population. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Young Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/etiology , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging , Sputum , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , China , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/etiology , Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Cough/diagnosis , Cough/physiopathology , Cough/blood , Dyspnea/diagnosis , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Dyspnea/blood , Fatigue/diagnosis , Fatigue/physiopathology , Fatigue/blood , Pandemics , Fever/diagnosis , Fever/physiopathology , Fever/blood , Myalgia/diagnosis , Myalgia/physiopathology , Myalgia/blood , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Lymphopenia/blood
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(9): 638-645, Sept. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038745

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common mononeuropathy caused by entrapment of the median nerve at the wrist. Common treatment options for CTS include oral analgesics, splinting, hand therapy, local injections with steroids or surgery. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the short-term clinical and electrophysiological outcomes of local corticosteroid injection (LCI) in patients with symptomatic CTS. Methods: Electrophysiological parameters were evaluated before and three months after LCI. Moreover, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Boston Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) and the Functional Status Scale (FSS) were administered before and after the injection. A mixture of 1 mL (40 mg) of methylprednisolone and 1 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine were injected blindly on the volar side of the forearm between the tendons of the radial carpal flexor muscle and long palmar muscle. Results: A total of 25 patients (45 hands) were enrolled in the study. Twenty women and five men with a mean age of 49.28 ± 11.37 years were included. A statistically significant difference was noted for improvement of sensory conduction velocities, sensory peak latency, and motor distal latency (p = 0.001) after LCI. A significant difference was recorded between pre- and post-injection for NRS, SSS and FSS scores (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Local corticosteroid injection for CTS provides a short-term improvement in neurophysiological and clinical outcomes such as pain intensity, symptom severity and functional ability.


RESUMO A síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC) é a mononeuropatia mais comum causada pelo aprisionamento do nervo mediano no punho. Opções comuns de tratamento para STC incluem analgésicos orais, splinting, terapia de mão, injeções locais com esteroides ou cirurgia. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os resultados clínicos e eletrofisiológicos de curto prazo da injeção de corticosteroide local (ICL) em pacientes com STC sintomática. Métodos: Os parâmetros eletrofisiológicos foram avaliados antes e três meses após a ICL. Além disso, a Escala Numérica de Avaliação (NRS), a Escala de Gravidade de Sintomas de Boston (BSS) e a Escala de Status Funcional (FSS) foram administradas antes e após a injeção. Uma mistura de 1 ml (40 mg) de metilprednisolona e 1 ml de bupivacaína a 0,5% foi injetada cegamente no lado do antebraço entre os tendões do músculo flexor radial do carpo e o músculo palmar longo. Resultados: Um total de 25 pacientes (45 mãos) foi incluído no estudo. Vinte mulheres e cinco homens com idade média de 49,28 ± 11,37 anos foram incluídos. Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante para melhora das velocidades de condução sensitiva, latência de pico sensorial, latência motora distal (p = 0,001) após a ICL. Uma diferença significativa foi registrada entre pré e pós-injeção para os escores NRS, BSS e FSS (p = 0,000). Conclusão: A ICL para STC fornece uma melhoria a curto prazo em resultados neurofisiológicos e clínicos, tais como intensidade da dor, gravidade dos sintomas e capacidade funcional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/physiopathology , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Analysis of Variance , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Electromyography , Myalgia/physiopathology , Myalgia/drug therapy , Injections, Intramuscular
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(3): 384-387, Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003049

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Stretching exercises are widely used by the population before sporting activities. One of the most common technique is eccentric exercise. Here, we made a clinical examination of 98 subjects with equinus condition before activity and after 30 min of running (49 participants with previous eccentric exercise and 49 with no previously eccentric exercise). The clinical assessment of the Achilles tendon was based on the pressure pain threshold (PPT). We identified significant PPT changes between the previous eccentric stretching and the non-previous eccentric stretching group in the Achilles tendon evaluations. Based on our findings, we propose that subjects with equinus condition could use eccentric stretching in order to improve the Achilles tendon status.


RESUMO Exercícios de alongamento são amplamente utilizados pela população antes da atividade esportiva. Uma das técnicas mais comuns é o exercício excêntrico. Aqui, fizemos um exame clínico de 98 indivíduos com condição de pé equino antes da atividade e após 30 minutos de corrida (49 corredores com exercício excêntrico anterior e 49 sem exercício excêntrico anterior). A avaliação clínica do tendão de Aquiles foi baseada no limiar de dor à pressão (PPT). Identificamos modificações significativas no PPT entre alongamentos prévios excêntricos e nenhum exercício anterior excêntrico de alongamento para as avaliações do tendão de Aquiles. Com base em nossos achados, propomos que sujeitos com condição de pé equino poderiam fazer alongamentos com exercícios excêntricos para melhorar o status do tendão de Aquiles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Running/physiology , Achilles Tendon/physiopathology , Pain Threshold/psychology , Muscle Stretching Exercises/methods , Myalgia/prevention & control , Ankle Joint/physiopathology , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Myalgia/physiopathology , Ankle/physiopathology
4.
J. appl. oral sci ; 27: e20180510, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1012508

ABSTRACT

Abstract Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) is a classic method for immobilization of the mandible after mandibular fractures and corrective surgery. However, it has been suggested that IMF may be a risk for developing temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-related symptoms, especially when applied for longer periods. Objective: To evaluate the clinical function of TMJs and masticatory muscles 10-15 years after mandibular setback surgery and subsequent six weeks of IMF. The patients' self-reported TMJ and masticatory muscle symptoms were also addressed. Methodology: Thirty-six patients (24 women and 12 men) treated with intraoral vertical ramus osteotomies and subsequent six weeks of IMF, underwent a clinical examination of TMJs and masticatory muscles 10-15 years after surgery and completed a five-item structured questionnaire reporting subjective TMJ-related symptoms. Mean age by the time of clinical examination was 34.1 years (range 27.2-59.8 years). The clinical outcome was registered according to the Helkimo clinical dysfunction index. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were performed and level of significance was set to 5%. Results: Mean maximum unassisted mouth opening 10-15 years after surgery was 50.1 mm, (range 38-70 mm, SE 1.2), statistically significantly greater in men compared to women (p=0.004). Mean Helkimo dysfunction group was 1.5 (range 1-3, SE 0.10). Eighty-one percent experienced pain on palpation in either the masseter muscle, temporal muscle or both, and 31% experienced pain when moving the mandible in one or more directions. Thirty-one percent reported pain from palpating the TMJs. In the questionnaire, none reported to have pain during chewing or mouth opening on a weekly or daily basis, but 22% reported difficulties with maximum opening of the mouth. Conclusion: Ten to fifteen years after mandibular setback surgery the patient's mandibular range of movement is good. Despite clinically recognizable symptoms, few patients reported having TMJ- or masticatory muscle-related symptoms in their daily life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Temporomandibular Joint/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/surgery , Masticatory Muscles/physiopathology , Maxilla/surgery , Reference Values , Time Factors , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Jaw Fixation Techniques/adverse effects , Self Report , Myalgia/physiopathology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/physiopathology , Maxilla/physiopathology , Middle Aged
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(9): 767-774, Sept. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-796055

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder, characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Historically, pain has not been considered to be a major symptom in DMD. Objective To investigate the relationship between DMD and pain. Methods We conducted a systematic review in Medline/PubMed and BVS (virtual library in health) databases. We searched for articles that showed the terms “Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne” and “Pain” in all fields. All studies included boys diagnosed with DMD and the occurrence/amount of pain on this population. Results Initially, there were 175 studies. 167 articles were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The remaining eight eligible studies, involving pain assessment in DMD, were analyzed. Conclusion Pain is a frequent problem in this population and this symptom is potentially tractable. Studies conclude that pain can directly influence the quality of life of this population.


RESUMO Distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença recessiva ligada ao X, caracterizada por fraqueza muscular progressiva. Historicamente a dor não foi considerada como um dos principais sintomas em DMD. Objetivo Investigar a relação entre DMD e dor. Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde). Foram incluídos na busca artigos que mostravam os termos “Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne” e “Dor” em todos os campos. Todos os estudos incluíram meninos diagnosticados com DMD e a ocorrência/intensidade da dor nesta população. Resultados Inicialmente, havia 175 estudos. 167 artigos foram excluídos por não preencherem os critérios de inclusão. Então, 8 estudos elegíveis, envolvendo a avaliação da dor em DMD, foram analisados. Conclusão A dor é um problema frequente nesta população e esse sintoma é potencialmente tratável. Estudos concluíram que a dor pode influenciar diretamente a qualidade de vida dessa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology , Myalgia/physiopathology , Quality of Life , Pain Measurement , Chronic Pain/physiopathology
6.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 127-133, Jan-Feb/2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741454

ABSTRACT

This review aims at presenting a current view on the physiopathologic mechanisms associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). While joint pain is characterized by a well-defined inflammatory process mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin, chronic muscle pain presents with enigmatic physiopathologic mechanisms, being considered a functional pain syndrome similar to fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. Central sensitization is the common factor unifying these conditions, and may be influenced by the autonomic nervous system and genetic polymorphisms. Thus, TMDs symptoms should be understood as a complex response which might get worse or improve depending on an individual's adaptation.


Esta revisão teve como objetivo apresentar uma visão atualizada dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos relacionados às disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs). Enquanto a dor articular é caracterizada por um processo inflamatório bem descrito - mediado pelo fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e interleucinas -, a dor muscular crônica apresenta mecanismos fisiopatológicos mais obscuros, sendo considerada uma síndrome dolorosa funcional, assim como a fibromialgia, a síndrome do intestino irritável, a cistite intersticial e a síndrome da fadiga crônica. A sensibilização central é o processo comum, unificador, dessas condições, podendo sofrer influência do sistema nervoso autonômico e de polimorfismos genéticos. Portanto, os sintomas das DTMs devem ser entendidos como uma resposta complexa, podendo ser amplificados ou atenuados em função da adaptação individual.


Subject(s)
Humans , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/physiopathology , Chronic Pain/physiopathology , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Myalgia/physiopathology , Masticatory Muscles/physiopathology
7.
Bauru; s.n; 2015. 80 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-880077

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to estimate the reliability of the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) and to evaluate the possible association between the nBR and various pain-related psychological measures: the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III), the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ), the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Situational Pain Catastrophizing Scale (S-PCS). Twenty-one healthy participants were evaluated in two sessions. The nBR was elicited by a so-called "nociceptive-specific" electrode placed over the entry zone of the right supraorbital (V1R), infraorbital (V2R) and the mental (V3R) nerve and left infraorbital (V2L) nerve. The outcomes were: (a) individual electrical sensory (I0) and pain thresholds (IP); b) root mean square (RMS), area-under-thecurve (AUC) and onset latencies of R2 responses; and c) stimulus-evoked pain on a 0-10 numerical rating scale. The questionnaires ASI-3, FPQ-III, PVAQ, SSAS, PCS and S-PCS were also applied. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) and Kappa statistics were computed as a measure of the reliability (α=5%). Besides, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to associate the average of nBR measurements among all sites and the questionnaires. The significance level was set up after a Bonferroni correction (adjusted α=0.8%). ICCs were fair to excellent in 82% of the psychophysical measures and in 86% of V1R, V2R and V2L nBR parameters, whereas the V3R showed poor reliability in 52%. ICCs for intrarater reliability were fair to excellent in 70% of measurements (V3R showed the lowest values) and in 75% of interrater measurements. All kappa values showed at least fair agreement and the majority of the nBR measures (93%) were considered to have moderate to excellent reliability. There was no correlation for any pair of variables considering the adjusted significance level (p>0.008) and only a single significant correlation considering the standard significance level (p < 0.05), where the pain intensity (NRS) at 50% of IP presented a positive and small to moderate correlation with the PCS (r = 0.43, p = 0.047). The nBR and its associated psychophysical measures can be considered a sufficiently reliable test to assess the trigeminal nociceptive function. On the other hand, it seems not associated with psychological factors in healthy participants.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a confiabilidade do reflexo de piscar nociceptivo (nBR, sigla em inglês) e avaliar a possível associação entre o nBR e várias medidas psicológicas relacionadas à dor: o Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), o Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III), o Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ), o Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), o Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) e o Situational Pain Catastrophizing Scale (S-PCS) (siglas e nomes em inglês). Vinte e um participantes saudáveis foram avaliados em 2 sessões. O nBR foi estimulado por meio de um eletrodo "nociceptivo específico" posicionado na zona de entrada do nervo supraorbital direito (V1D, sigla em inglês), infraorbital direito (V2D) e esquerdo (V2E) e mentual direito (V3R). As variáveis analisadas foram: a) limar elétrico sensorial (I0) e doloroso (IP); b) raíz quadrática média (RMS, sigla em inglês), área sobre a curva (AUC, sigla em inglês) e as latências da respostas R2; e c) dor provocada pelo estímulo em uma escala numérica de O a 10. Os questionários ASI-3, FPQ-III, PVAQ, SSAS, PCS e S-PCS também foram aplicados. Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC, sigla em inglês) e estatística Kappa foram calculados como medidas da confiabilidade (α=5%). Além disso, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi usado para associar a média do nBR entre todos os sítios de avaliação e os questionários. O nível de significância foi ajustado após correção de Bonferroni (α ajustado=0.8%). ICCs foram razoáveis à excelentes em 82% das medidas psicofísicas e em 86% dos parâmetros do nBR em V1D, V2D e V2E, enquanto que 52% das medidas em V3D apresentaram pobre confiabilidade. ICCs para confiabilidade intra-examinador foram razoáveis à excelente em 70% das medições (V3D apresentou os menores valores) e em 75% das medidas inter-examinadores. Todos os coeficientes Kappa apresentaram pelo menos razoável concordância e a maioria das medidas do nBR (93%) foram consideradas moderadas à excelente em termos de confiabilidade. Não houve correlação para nenhum par de variáveis considerando os valores ajustados de significância (p>0,008) e somente foi constatada uma correlação significante considerando o nível de significância padrão (p<0,005), em que a intensidade de dor em 50% do IP apresentou uma correlação positiva entre pequena e moderada com o PCS. O nBR e suas medidas psicofísicas associadas pode ser considerado um teste com suficiente confiabilidade para avaliar a função nociceptiva trigeminal. Por outro lado, parece que o nBR não está associado com fatores psicológicos em participantes saudáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Blinking/physiology , Myalgia/physiopathology , Myalgia/psychology , Pain Measurement/methods , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Electromyography/methods , Observer Variation , Pain Threshold/physiology , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires
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